cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ sudo docker run -d mysql

7698fdd7a2d05d38cf19c60cc9e35c1117fc551ae5e319144947154f4f353d23

cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

257646e19a08        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         26 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           desperate_ardinghelli

cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES

7698fdd7a2d0        mysql               "/entrypoint.sh mysql"   18 seconds ago      Exited (1) 17 seconds ago                       desperate_swanson

151a8113ba67        mysql               "/entrypoint.sh mysql"   5 minutes ago       Exited (1) 5 minutes ago                        hopeful_williams

257646e19a08        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              27 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                                   desperate_ardinghelli

发现并没有成功启动，查看日志：

cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ sudo docker logs desperate_swanson

error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified 

  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD

于是设置MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD：

sudo docker run  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=wwwwww --name mysql -d mysql

总算启动成功了：

^Ccs202@cs202-devbox:~sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

b50461bd8135        mysql               "/entrypoint.sh mysql"   4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes        3306/tcp            mysql

257646e19a08        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              37 minutes ago      Up 23 minutes                           desperate_ardinghelli

cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ 

后台打印出大片日志：

cs202@cs202-devbox:~$ sudo docker logs -f mysql

2016-03-12T02:50:26.302319Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.375013Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables

2016-03-12T02:50:26.375515Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...

2016-03-12T02:50:26.444508Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.446893Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.447017Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.451067Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2016-03-12T02:50:26.504451Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.11 started; log sequence number 11991512

2016-03-12T02:50:26.505028Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.508912Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the following SSL library error: SSL context is not usable without certificate and private key

2016-03-12T02:50:26.509170Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306

2016-03-12T02:50:26.509310Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.509366Z 0 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';

2016-03-12T02:50:26.509419Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.509154Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool

2016-03-12T02:50:26.519321Z 0 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.519569Z 0 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.544083Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 160312  2:50:26

2016-03-12T02:50:26.548848Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.

2016-03-12T02:50:26.565564Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

2016-03-12T02:50:26.566266Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: '5.7.11'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server (GPL)

如果需要指定端口的话，加-p选项：

docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password -d mysql/mysql-server:latest